The Impact of Human Activity

The Impact of Human Activity Nothing in the modern world and society happens without the impact of human activities. Let us look at the daily activities of an ordinary individual. When the person wakes up, he or she uses the water for hygiene purposes, then we use personal or public transport to come to the office. In the office we produce something, whether it is information or product. We still somehow and at some moment impact our surroundings. Water consumption affects nature, transportation creates pollution and our job creates certain effects on the society we live in and even on future generations that will be here after us. For better or worse, we have significant impact on everything that fits within the definition of being or life. What can we do to make the impact as positive and constructive as we can and to leave future generations a chance to enjoy the impact of human activities that was developed during our existence? A lot of people ask this question and there is no answer that will satisfy every single individual. We all have to look at it from our own perspective that is built on our capabilities, activities and our understanding of the world. Human activities are much wider, than it may seem from the first glimpse. Each and every of us is the example of the simple person we talked about previously and all together we create a society that influences the activities of the city, country and even world. We take so much from the nature! One breath probably will not change anything, but during one second more than 6 billion people make this breath and take out a bit of oxygen from the nature. Do we give back enough?

The Issue Of Gay Marriage - 1464 Words

Marriage is one of the oldest, passed down traditions since the beginning of time. As humanity evolves through generations, traditions change, but the act of choosing your partner stays the same. For an example, not until President Barack Obama was in office, gay marriage was unacceptable. When President Obama announced that gay marriage was legal, that was a moment in history that will never be forgotten. The process of marriage continues to be the same, but each generation has been going out of their way to change the rules of how getting married is done. Young adults that are in their late 20’s have been eloping since the early 1900’s, however due to the change in society and how we operate and communicate, divorce has been becoming†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, couples argue that getting married early is perfect since couples evolve and grow together. Just saying that statement out loud is wrong. Once the monogamous relationship sets in, divorce papers will be practically signed. Furthermore, like mentioned earlier, maturity is huge. Even though, the United States justice system marks a teenager an adult at the age of 18, that by no means makes teenagers able to make progressive and responsible decisions for their life or for the life of others. Marriage requires both individuals to be able to make non-impulsive decisions since both lives have been conjoined. â€Å"The first years of adulthood, when you become the driver, navigating adult life for the very first time, are the very first steps of adulthood and they make a significant contribution to where you will go and how you will do. (Tanner).† The decision of getting married early is a perfect example of impulsive behavior and immaturity. Most the time, these relationships have only been together for a few months or even just a few years; it is beyond irresponsible to say that both parties fully understand the other during a short period. In the opposing corner , teenagers stand by the fact that they are marked adults by the age of 18. These so called â€Å"adults† believe since they can fight for our country and vote for the next presidential leader, this justifies their actions and proves that they are accountable enough to make executive andShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Gay Marriages1028 Words   |  5 Pages1101-113 September 2, 2015 The Issue Of Gay Marriages Through The Eyes Of Sociologists Gay marriages have been an ongoing event in the United States for many years. It was not until June 26, 2015 when gay marriage was legalized for all states with a five to four ratio. With gay marriage being legalized, there became many controversies in the nation. The most recent controversy was when a Kentucky county clerk was jailed after defying a federal court order to issue marriage licenses to a same-sex coupleRead MoreGay Marriage and Its Issues1260 Words   |  6 PagesGay Marriage and its Issues Gay marriage has been an issue for a very long time and since some states are legalizing it, many worry that it would soon be added as an amendment. The topic of gay marriage brings up religious, legal, and many other issues. In Whats wrong with Gay Marriage? by Katha Pollitt, the author supports gay marriage and wants it legalized. She states that there is no problem with gay marriage and its all a matter of separating the church and state. But in â€Å"Gay ‘Marriage’:Read MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage1191 Words   |  5 PagesChristina Abreu Professor Peter Lamar Introduction to Classics in Philosophy 6 November 2014 Gay Marriage Thomas Jefferson wrote about â€Å"unalienable rights† in The Declaration of Independence. What he meant was there are rights that are given to us as human beings and cannot be taken away by the government. â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† are among those rights that are being suppressed against same sex couples. Their right to pursue happiness with their significant other is taken fromRead MoreIssue of Gay Marriage1216 Words   |  5 PagesThe Issue of Gay Marriage Summary This essay debates the issue of same sex marriage in the United States. It considers the pros and cons and examines the constitutional issues involved. Introduction Two strangers become friends and later fall in love. They tell their friends and family that they have each found their soul mate and they intend to get married as soon as possible. There is only one issue preventing them from getting married, not financial issues, and there are no love trianglesRead MoreThe Issue of Gay Marriages918 Words   |  4 PagesGay marriage has come to be a pressing topic in the contemporary society as more and more individuals get actively involved in discussing it. Individuals who oppose same-sex marriage are typically inclined to bring on a deontological argument or to say that legalizing the act might bring on other issues. In contrast, people who support gay marriages focus on matters related to human rights and justice. The arguments generated by each of the sides are certainly thought-provoking and it is very difficultRead MoreThe Issue of Gay Marriage864 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The issue of gay marriage is one of many fronts. Looking into th e nation’s past, an individual will realize that depriving anyone of free will and/or rights they feel they should have doesn’t work. A critical argument against gay marriage, is that being gay is a â€Å"choice† therefore it shouldn’t be promoted and spread. This is false because one who is truly homosexual is naturally sexually attracted to the same sex. A heterosexual male cannot just make a choice to engage in homosexual intercourseRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage1241 Words   |  5 PagesAs the months pass by, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is getting tired of the same arguments in court. They as well as many other Americans are waiting for an answer. Although the solution to this public crises is to let them have their rights, many opposing people classify their arguments as correct or valid. However clear the answer may be, it has yet to be confirmed by all the states in America. Some major factors that lead to this conflict is whether homosexualityRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage2127 Words   |  9 Pageslonger us as Americans fighting a common enemy such as England, it was now Americans vs Americans. Multiple issues such as gun laws and religion have separated the United States since its creation. Though recently, the main issue that has caused a divide in the American population is the issue of gay marriage. In the past year the most important piece of legislation in favor of gay marriage and equal rights was created, and it all spurred off of a single court case. Obergefell v. Hodges. In orderRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage3385 Words   |  14 PagesHistory teaches us that marriage has classically been between a man and a woman, but in the recent years, people have begun to challenge that notion. Gay marriage has been one of the most controversial topics of debate lately, dividing our nation into those who support the idea and those who oppose. It seems as though no matter who is as ked, each person’s opinion falls to one side or the other. States have been similarly divided in their treatment of the gay marriage issue. Voters in some states haveRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage Essay3392 Words   |  14 PagesWell it is 2007, and we are still dealing with the issue of gay marriage being good, and not good for America. Now maybe in 20 years gay marriage will be legal in each state, and this issue will be over. However, I deal in reality. And reality tells me the idea of two men frotting inside a home with children, frankly makes people sick to their stomachs. I prefer women, but I think what two grown people do in their bedrooms is their private moral, and legal business. Just like a straight couple that

Humanitarian Intervention Calling on the United Nations...

Humanitarian Intervention: Calling on the United Nations for Help The United Nations is an international organization that fights for world peace, and strives to control international law, international security, economic development, social progress, and human rights. In the United Nation’s preamble, it states the organization is â€Å"determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.† However, the U.N. can often be ineffective and it has been an ongoing debate between the world’s leaders whether or not intervention is justified when inhumane acts are committed in foreign lands. Too many human beings have been victims of violence, rape and/or†¦show more content†¦Security Council should have the right to authorize the use of military force to protect innocent people from genocide and other massive abuses, even against the will of their own government† (Lobe). Even with the support of the maj ority of world, the U.N. still does not have the authority to forcefully protect innocent people from cruelty. When tens of thousands of people were being killed in Darfur, and Rwanda, it was the U.N.’s responsibility to step in and save the lives of those living in a country at an unfortunate time. However, by following their rules of procedure, the U.N. troops were not allowed to use force unless fired upon. Since 2003, â€Å"tens of thousands of people have being killed and over one million people displaced† in Darfur and in 1994, Hutus killed an estimated 800,000 Tutsis in Rwanda (Spectators to Genocide). â€Å"As a result of the massacre [in Rwanda], there are more than one million orphans† (Rust). But when the blue helmeted troops entered the Rwandan chaos, there was not much they could do to stop the genocides that were taking place right before their eyes. It took the United Nations three years after the United States declared the events taking place in Darfur as genocide to interfere, and even still the U.N. has done nothing beneficial to help those suffering in Darfur. Unable to seize weapons, the blue helmets stand byShow MoreRelatedPurposes And Principle Of Un Charter Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagescommunity has a responsibility to use appropriate diplomatic, humanitarian and other means to protect populations from these crimes. If a State is manifestly failing to protect its populations, the international community must be prepared to take collective action to protect populations, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations. (UN, 2015) ‘Responsibility to protect’ denoted military intervention is the last resort (United to end genocide, 2015). Additionally, UN charter also mentionedRead MoreThe Lybian Crisis of 20111377 Words   |  6 Pagesitself, united with the previous governments loyalists and previous army members, to fight against Gaddafi’s regime. Gaddafi’s reaction was violent. At first, the rebels rapidly achieved some victories and were able to take control over the cities of Tobruk and Benghazi. Two months later, though, the regime’s troops re-conquered most of the territories and were ready to regain the rebels refuge, Benghazi (home to 1 million people). Gaddafi threatened to clear out the city. The United Nations SecurityRead MoreA Bed For The Night : Humanitarianism1131 Words   |  5 PagesHumanitarian action is what the world turns to in case there is a crisis in any part of the world. But as David Rieff suggests in his book, â€Å"A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis,† there is a crisis in the humanitarian world and space. He draws from first personal experience in places like Bosnia, Rwanda and Kosovo to tell how some of the challenges humanitarian organizations face; including their struggle to be neutral and apolitical. He also points out big powers, that is, donors haveRead MoreEssay about American Foreign Policy in Syria1237 Words   |  5 PagesThere is an increasingly growing global controversy about whether the United States should intervene in the Syrian conflict, and whether this intervention should be military or strategic. The U.S. has recently avoided interfering militarily in Syria or providing the rebels with direct support, but admitted the presence of the Syrian opposition. However, the U.S. has been criticized for its non-intervention policy, especially with the rise in the level of violence and the spread of conflict to otherRead MoreAn Imperfect Offering by James Orbinski1250 Words   |  5 Pagesfront-line humanitarian work in the worlds worst conflict zones. Despite its dark chapters, it is also a hopeful story about the emergence of Mà ©decins Sans Frontià ¨res (MSF) as a new and independent agent of civil society, and the possibilities of making the world a better place. In â€Å"An Imperfect Offering†, James Orbinski tells the story of people who have been harmed by war, and humanitarian workers who have come to heal them when possible. He engages in deep reflection on the nature of humanitarian responseRead MoreThe Moral And Material Limits Of Humanitarian Intervention2950 Words   |  12 PagesEric A. Heinz defined humanitarian intervention as, the use of coercive military force in another state by (an) outside actor(s) for the explicit purpose of halting or averting human suffering, such that the coercion is directed against those agents whose actions or negligence is the cause of human suffering. (Heinze, 2004) A recent press report by the Huffington Post Put the Humanitarian back in Humanitarian interventions outlined the concerns that external intervention is not the solutionRead MoreIntervention Based On Humanitarian Ideals2656 Words   |  11 PagesThe notion of intervention based on humanitarian ideals is not a novel concept in the realm of international relations. Even Hitler maintained that his 1938 invasion of Czechoslovakia was conducted to protect the lives of those Czechoslovaks endangered by their government (Bellamy, 2009). However, the doctrine of the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) has attracted significant mention in political discourse and academia since the end of the cold war – not least with the surfacing of state-sponsoredRead MoreNational Interest And Sovereignty Paper Essay1972 Words   |  8 PagesInterest/Sovereignty Paper Genocide is defined by the United Nations as ...acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group... (UN, 1) While there are many sovereign nations engaged in international politics, only a few engaged (or disengaged) in African politics during the Cold War era. Through realism and liberalism the actions of global leaders and members of the United Nations will be explained and their actions defined that led toRead MoreU.s. Policies Towards Climate Change2401 Words   |  10 PagesClinton, and currently Barack Obama. In this paper I will focus specifically on Clinton. One of the Clinton administration’s main goals was to make the United States the global leader in protecting the environment.   Throughout Clinton’s administration from 1993 to 2001, the ambitious goals of environmental protection had many highs and lows. The United States had to make decisions about how it would go about tackling climate change and what roles of other countries would play. There was opposition inRead MoreHumanitarian Intervention : Legality And Effect On Sovereignty2298 Words   |  10 Pages Humanitarian Intervention:Legality and Effect on Sovereignty Annel Veloz POLI110A David Foley 25 Nov 2014 Humanitarian Intervention: Legality and Effect on Sovereignty Humanitarian Intervention has been a topic of controversy especially in the last 100 years where the need for intervention has grown. The debate primarily being about whether or not humanitarian intervention is legal and what effect it has on a country’s sovereignty.After much research on this topic a conclusion was drawn that

How Energy And The United State s Global Influence On The...

The Unites States and The People’s Republic of China have been ever growing superpowers on the world scene since the last century. Their economies, military and social policies have been models and adapted by other nations on Earth and their present day influences in these same criteria seem to have no end. The driving force behind China’s industrialization and the United State’s global influence are one in the same; Energy. Both these nations have been fortunate enough through their geological locations to be able to find and harvest different sources of energy to propel their governments, economies, militaries, ect and with the help of harvesting the ingenuity of their respective populations to drive the discovery of more efficient and productive technologies in aspects of economics, home life and energy. This essay will go on to illustrate what energy sources either nations use and why they use them, what sources of energy they are trying to further develop a nd what sources of energy they import as well as export. Finally, We will touch upon the energy relationship between the US and China and compare this relationship through one or more international relations theories. The United States- The United States is a federal republic and one of the longest continuous democracies in the world. With a population of approximately 325 million, the United State is both the second largest producer and consumer of overall energy (China being the first). According to theShow MoreRelatedWhen we as in the individuals think about what a Superpower is, we usually think that it’s pretty1000 Words   |  4 Pagesmuch dominance. But actually the answer isn’t wrong at all. A superpower is a state that achieves generally unopposed dominance and can exert international influence at will. There are no set rules that make a state a superpower, but there are some common characteristics that most agree are necessary to earn the difference. It’s quite a few countries that we contemplate superpowers. The superpowers countries in the world are most effective in doing some political or either economic decisions. ThereRead MoreThe Increase Of Gross Domestic Product899 Words   |  4 Pagesin the United States. The GDP is used to determine how much money was spent, how much good and services were sold and how much income was earned in the country. The United States are responsible for much greater per person greenhouse gas emissions, and the country is working towards the reduction of emissions that might help to diminish the climate change and inspire other countries to take action too. New research shows that if present trends continue, the total cost of global warmingRead MoreEnergy Security And The United States1553 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Introduction Energy is more than a utility that keeps the lights on in our homes or the gas in our cars; it’s a foundational resource that plays a key role in a nation’s ability to provided economic opportunity and basic services and security to its people. As such, it is imperative to a nation’s overall security that it develops/acquires access to energy, ensures energy needs are properly met and supplies are readily available, and disruptions minimized. Policy directs that the URead MoreIndonesia Is An Archipelago Nation Consisting Of More Than1591 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Second World War Indonesia declared independence. After the Indonesian Independence Revolution, the Dutch granted Indonesia sovereignty in 1949 (Ricklefs 1991) (Reid (1973). Indonesia is the world’s third-largest democratic state, and has the world s fourth-largest population (UN 2016). In addition, Indonesia is the most populous Muslim country, where a relaxed form of Islam blends well with its secular style of democracy (CIA 2017) (UNSDIR 2009). Regional Influence Indonesia s economy is theRead MoreSustainability and Walmart1602 Words   |  7 Pagescompany. That is the case with Walmart. According to Walmart (2013), the company has been issuing a Global Responsibility Report since 2005. This report covers many areas of importance to Walmart such as talent development, healthier foods, and stakeholder engagement, but there is one area of importance that has been a key area of improvement for the past few years. Walmart has invested a large amount of energy, time, and money in the area of environmental sustainability. 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This issue will more than likely take away from everyone in the end, or at least humanity’s efforts to be a greater civilization, if you don’t take care of it. My question is, why aren’t you? For billions of years your Earth withstood countless hardships and has since lived among the cosmos, but now it’s going to be intoxicated and fall ill in a manner of hundreds of years, because of you? Global warming is theRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On Communities, Health, And The Climate972 Words   |  4 Pagesand the climate. It is Global Warming which can be defined as the constant heating of Earth s surface, oceans and atmosphere. In order to understand global warming, the most important basic is to figure o ut how the of greenhouse effect plays an important part in its development. The greenhouse effect is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that trap heat in the atmosphere that keeps the Earth warm. The information this text will discuss is the meaning of global warming, the causes, and

Intelligent Drum Machines Using Cartesian Genetic Programming Initial Essay Sample free essay sample

1. IntroductionA musician’s demand to show their musical thoughts in a manner that is both acoustically pleasing and comfy for whom of all time is utilizing it can non ever be communicated by themselves entirely and frequently requires external aid. This assistance frequently comes in the signifier of an instrument. an interface imparting the ideas and emotions from a user into their surrounding environment manifested into a physical medium. for illustration sound and visible radiation. This study will concentrate in on the acoustic exchange of these thoughts and so will be restricted to the musical art signifier. The engineering that is developed as a solution to this job has been developed with two factors in head ; how it sounds and how easy it is for one to successfully show oneself with it. the later is of import as it is assumed a user must be in comfort to successfully show their thoughts. This standard can be seen from the very beginnings of human musical history in the neutering of membranophone sizes for variable pitch ( figure 1 ) . the usage of multiple instruments at a clip to implement polyphonic thoughts and even the defining of these instruments into easy to utilize tools for illustration a fiddle exhibiting a vibrating twine with a speedy and convenient excitement tool. the bow ( figure 2 ) . Figure 1 taken fromFigure 2: taken fromhypertext transfer protocol: //www. pikespeakonthecheap. com/ ? attachment_id=12024www. kirklessmusicschool. org. United Kingdom These are all human creative activities leting the manifestation of their internal musical thoughts in the physical universe. In more recent developments computing machines have been introduced including applications such as physical modeling. sampling stations. synthesists and accountants for these systems of which any music engineer will be good acquainted with. These. much like the old illustrations. have been produced to non merely add to our bank or musical tools but to farther increase the easiness of the production of music taking the demand to garner a full orchestra. rehearse the cornet for 10 old ages or carry a drum kit about. as all these sounds can now be contained within a little laptop and controlled with a individual keyboard. The downside of utilizing computing machines. nevertheless. is that the music produced is frequently stiff sounding and robotic. much like the underlying systems that drive them. By utilizing appropriate accountants the functionality of an acous tic instrument is mimicked in a device that can pass on with computing machines. commanding these sounds in a manner that makes them sound more natural and realistic. This is of import because it is non ever obvious what it is that we prefer about a existent acoustic public presentation. and even if it was obvious it can non be contained by a set of regulations. merely that we like it or we don’t like it. There is no expression that can generalize art. This is the cardinal job with geting a pleasing and natural sound with electronic instruments and therefore we still require a musician to command these systems to accomplish the sound we desire. It should be noted that sound does non needfully – and in fact at all for the intent of this experiment – refer to the spectral make up of a sound but to the manner in which it is musically shaped ; for illustration a instrumentalist may specify this defining as what makes a musician sound â€Å"musical† or non. Human mistake brings coloring material to a public presentation in the elusive differences in note arrangement and volume doing it sound â€Å"musical† and â€Å" natural† . The map of this study is to experiment with unreal intelligence in using these captions to an bing membranophone path in the hope that it will heighten its musical form. groove or experience without the external influence of a instrumentalist. 2. Literature Reappraisal2. 1 What Makes A Rhythm GrooveIf the purpose of this experiment is to musically heighten a beat so it follows that these sweetenings should be defined. Music that exhibits this sweetening. for illustration a production sourced from a professional drummer. is frequently referred to as â€Å"groovy† in that it contains â€Å"groove† . For this ground in this study this humanistic quality will be referred to as channel throughout. As this experiment focuses on membranophone music. beat or â€Å"beats† it will be the rhythmic channel that is discussed [ 17 ] . â€Å"Groove – or swing – is a aboriginal facet of music. more so for clever and functional sorts of music. such as dance- and folk music. than for art music. Peoples appear to judge the sum of channel fast and effortlessly. although an nonsubjective or consistent definition is desiring. One possible definition of channel could be â€Å"suggestion to travel to the pulse†Ã¢â‚¬  Madison. Guy ( Institute of psychological science. Uppsala university ) [ 18 ] General consensus seems to associate â€Å"Groove† with swing. motion and the incompatibilities found in a human public presentation. Although hard to specify. the consequence of channel is wholly agreed in that it suggests to the hearer a pacing or pulsation. doing the hearer experience the demand to tap their pes. nod their caput or even dance. A short experiment was carried out to try a classification of the parametric quantities which affect channel utilizing a typical dance beat frequently referred to as a 4/4 round or more conversationally â€Å"four on the floor† . See the following two drum paths exhibiting typical beat found in music today ( figure 3 and 4 ) . Both contain the same round ; retaining pacing. instruments and note arrangements nevertheless the latter has been performed by a instrumentalist instead than produced on a computing machine. It should be noted that although channel may change with genre. due to its association with genres such as dance. wind and common people music. a drummer who specialises in these genres was used. For the intent of this experiment both recordings will be recorded in the MIDI sphere and therefore an electronic membranophone kit was used in the procedure of entering the instrumentalist. This besides removes all timbral qualities added by the user. leting the experiment to concentrate on strictly musical qualities. The instrumentalist was given a click path to let him to synchronize his public presentation ; nevertheless no quantization was applied therefore the incompatibilities will give an thought a s to what is adding this human quality. Figures 3 and 4 show a typical MIDI membranophone machine where the x-axis portrays clip and the y-axis is instrument. The speed of a note is shown by the strength of coloring material: a dark ruddy displays a note high in speed and a light ruddy shows a note depression in speed. This is shown more clearly in the note speed charts below the note arrangement diagrams. Figure 3: Computer performed beat Figure 3: Human performed beat By review. three chief differences can be seen:1. Note lengths are varied by a apparently random factor2. Note speeds are varied by a apparently random factor. This fluctuation although random shows a periodic nature as seen in higher speed hi chapeaus on the 3rd semi quaver of each round. 3. Note arrangement shows an beginning. This fluctuation although apparently random besides displays a common beginning for the 2nd and 4th sixteenth notes where they are delayed by a little fraction of the sixteenth note whole number. This factor is frequently referred to as â€Å"swing† Note that this experiment is concentrating in the musical facets of what makes a rhythm channel and will non be taking into history timbral facets of music. This does non intend to state that timbral qualities do non lend towards the channel of a musical production. 2. 2 Automatic CompositionComputers have developed to such an extent that it is now possible for them to non merely bring forth and execute music but to help its creative activity both in progress and in existent clip i. e. improvisation. Chew overing for illustration. a rhythmic composing plan. evolves membranophone forms and is used as a compositional assistance [ 11 ] while the familial drummer uses similar techniques to bring forth an attach toing membranophone path designed for a unrecorded public presentation scenario [ 12 ] . There are even plans which listen to existent clip sound and improvise along side a instrumentalist. for illustration Haile the automaton drummer [ 13 ] . a testament to modern twenty-four hours music engineering. It is systems like these and the techniques used by them that are of involvement in this study as they may give an indicant of how to accomplish a humanistic membranophone machine. Although these machines harness unreal intelligence ( AI ) to co mpose and improvize music. there is still a clear divide between the creative activity of music and the human sweetening of music. the later being the purpose and focal point of this experiment. However if a computing machine can independently make art so there is no ground to govern out the add-on of human qualities such as channel besides. In general automatic musical composing involves specifying a set of regulations and limitations within a system before leting this system to do determinations. most likely with random or pseudo random procedure to choose options. An illustration of this might include specifying a major graduated table. curtailing the plan to euphonic notes merely. By specifying these regulations a computing machine is able to compose without direct influence from a user while retaining some signifier of musical construction. a graduated table. meter or signifier. This technique lays down the basic construction of an algorithmic composing doing automatic musical composing possible. The disadvantages of this system nevertheless are the inactive nature of an algorithm. in that alterations in the regulations that govern it must be pre defined. difficult code d into the plan frequently ensuing in humdrum composings or composings of a fixed length. If these regulations are made less rigorous so the ensuing sound is frequently Atonal and nonmusical. which is unsurprising as no manner of stipulating fittingness is available. This fittingness is defined by how good it achieves its end or how closely it resembles the coveted solution and in the instance of music how â€Å"good† it sounds. The trouble in programming a computing machine to bring forth â€Å"good† music can easy be seen due to the subjective nature of music. Thus it can be seen that more complex systems are required to compose music on a more human degree. Familial package. unlike evolutionary algorithms. is dynamic in that it changes or evolves itself over clip. mutating the interior workings and functionality of the plan. The combination and routings of internal constituents are non defined but continually changed. These alterations are continually guided by a fittingness map stipulating the end. In the instance of bring forthing music or art. the fitt ingness is frequently user defined as antecedently noted ; there is no expression that can generalize art. This technique is normally used and has been found more successful in imitating the humanistic traits found in music. 2. 3 Familial SchedulingFamilial Programming ( GP ) is a subdivision of evolutionary scheduling that utilises the automatic development of computational constructions ( such as mathematical equations. computing machine plans. digital circuits. etc. ) [ 1 ] to work out jobs. GP can be represented by a figure of nodes or cells connected together in concatenation like constructions. Data is passed through these nodes where by each node contains an operation appropriate for the information nowadays. The package varies the routing of informations between these nodes – i. e. the order in which they are performed on informations – before comparing the ensuing informations frequently via user feedback. This automatic fluctuation is referred to as mutant. The undermentioned diagrams ( figure 5 and 6 ) give an illustration of this procedure: Figure 5: First combination: Figure 6: Second â€Å"mutated† combination The fittingness of each nodal combination or â€Å"chromosome† must so be deduced. The end products of chromosomes 1 and 2 can so be compared to infer the fittest solution where by the fittest theoretical account is selected and passed down to the following coevals. Through this comparing influential nodes may be defined and kept. while less of import nodes can be farther varied to optimize the plans map. This is frequently achieved by â€Å"breeding† the chromosomes. uniting constituents from each parent giving birth to a new combination. While merely two combinations are ab initio proposed. in many familial plans the population of chromosomes would be much greater presenting a wider assortment of solutions and perchance even a faster development rate. Parameters like these will straight impact the success of the plan in how expeditiously it solves the given job. However. it should be noted that for different jobs different rates are optimum. This mutant and comparing procedure is repeated continuously. hence the evolutionary facet of this package [ 2 ] . A common illustration of the use of GP is the going salesman job portraying a salesman who must go between legion colonies in order to sell his ware. The job in this is happening the shortest way for the salesman while guaranting all colonies are visited one time. There is no general expression that can work out this job and therefore a test and mistake experimental attack must be taken. GP is utile at this point as it itself uses a test and mistake attack in the routing of informations between operations. The operations could be defined as paths between colonies and the routing between them straight represents the order of paths taken by the salesman. The feedback in this job is besides easy defined as. unlike music and art. all we require is the smallest possible value. Therefore by continually running this plan and comparing the consequences. when a lower limit is reached we have a solution [ 1 ] [ 3 ] . The subdivision of Genetic scheduling that will be used in this experiment wi ll be Cartesian familial scheduling ( CGP ) . a C based plan where by the maps used are represented by an array of Numberss. CGP is peculiarly utile. as it has been designed with a black box outlook. To clear up. a CGP plan will take an arbitrary figure of inputs and green goods and arbitrary figure of end products. So long as the system has been altered to manage the desired informations type and appropriate maps have been selected. the procedure of CGP does non necessitate any version from job to job hence its universally applicable nature and choice for this experiment. For illustration consider CGP applied to an arithmetical context whereby the information type would merely be Numberss and the operations would include mathematical maps such as add-on. generation and sinusoidal operators. CGP besides allows the quality or rate of development to be customised by specifying parametric quantities in a. par file. This allows the change of population sizes. mutant rates. the scope in which single nodes can pass on with each other ; degrees back and the operators included. Figure 7: CGPs intelligence is in its flexibleness. The user or coder gives CGP all the needed resources and ushers it without straight work outing the job. With minimum restraints it can frequently happen originative and even surprising solutions whose method is merely defined by what we see at the input and the end product. how the plan achieves this map is of no concern. Its evolutionary nature besides means that it may neer come up with the same solution twice. exposing about human behavior. For these grounds it has even been successfully used in the creative activity of art. Examples of this art can be seen below in figure 8 developed by Laurence Adam Zendric Ashmore [ 5 ] Figure 8: More of these illustrations can be found at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. emoware. org/evolutionary_art. asp The art created. although abstract. seldom followed the same evolutionary forms and most significantly of all was gratifying for users to see. For this ground it is speculated that this about human personality will impart itself to the neutering of computing machine generated music paths in the hope that it might add a human and natural feel or channel. The manner in which this feel is added to an bing membranophone path is non defined nor is it known what we are taking for. it merely utilises the user’s ability to specify what they like or dislike to direct the development of this composing. 2. 4 MidiMIDI is a musical interfacing linguistic communication that specifies the musical content of a existent clip or antecedently recorded composing. Musical content refers to the strictly musical thoughts as opposed to the timber of the sounds used to convey these thoughts. This can be summarised by the parametric quantities pitch. speed. length and arrangement of these notes relative to each other. A cosmopolitan illustration of this might be musical notation on paper where by multiple instrumentalists across the Earth are executing the same music but with their ain instruments and sounds. Musical notation ( figure 9 ) does non incorporate the existent sound merely the thought of it. Figure 9MIDI ( figure 10 ) is precisely the same nevertheless is much more cosmopolitan in that it can pass on non merely with instrumentalists but with computing machines. synthesists and membranophone machines besides. Figure 10The ground for this separation of musical and timbral qualities is strictly for convenience. leting the cosmopolitan communicating of modern twenty-four hours musical devices while optimizing the velocity and quality at which they communicate. In other words ; modern twenty-four hours musical instruments have been modularised. dividing the duties of making the music and making the sound the music is played with into separate entities. Implementing this package with the MIDI interface automatically turns a strictly experimental process into a possible musical instrument that may be used by existent instrumentalists and faculty members likewise. The MIDI library being used will be the PortMIDI library due to its unfastened beginning handiness and popularity within the industry. PortMIDI is besides written in C. a linguistic communication wholly compatible with Numberss of which CGP can easy bring forth and interface with [ 6 ] . 3. The Experiment3. 1 Proposition and AimsThe proposition of this experiment is to use natural choice to germinate an bing membranophone tracks’ public presentation in order to accomplish a more natural. organic and bang-up composing. Cartesian familial scheduling will use a dynamic system that can be used to bring forth a set of Numberss whose values will command a set of parametric quantities in a membranophone machine. These parametric quantities have been deduced as channel heightening therefore the information from CGP will hold a direct consequence on the membranophone paths groove. The development of these Numberss will be automatically evolved to prove an array of cases of our membranophone path and will be guided by a fittingness map. a user who will specify what they â€Å"like† and what they â€Å"dislike† . Like and dislike will be defined by whatever production sounds more natural. human and groovy to the user. This procedure will be repeated over a series of coevalss. Through this choice. fit chromosomes will be defined and evolved. The undermentioned diagram ( figure 11 ) displays the chief construction of this plan. Figure 11: The chief aim is to germinate what might ab initio be a robotic and unpleasant sounding rhythmic composing into 1 that exhibits natural inclinations and fluctuations i. e. shows a channel of which until now have merely been possible by utilizing existent life instrumentalists or meticulously redacting membranophone paths in audio redaction package. Although this is possible by utilizing existent instrumentalists to command electronic instruments. ideally this sweetening would non trust on a existent instrumentalist and could be applied with a computing machine. If this is found successful the ultimate end is to implement this channel development in a existent clip scenario making what could be considered as an intelligent attach toing midi membranophone machine. This engine would play boundlessly until told to halt by a user and would invariably germinate guided merely by the user specified fittingness of the composings produced. Use of the Midi sphere will let user specified samples and customisation of the public presentation. This ability would non merely aid the composing and production of music but could besides profit instrumentalists in public presentation. some of which might even excite new musical thoughts. 3. 2 Cartesian Genetic Programming and MIDIIn this experiment CGP will be used to bring forth a series of drifting point Numberss between 0 and 1 that will specify the change of the channel heightening parametric quantities in an bing membranophone path. The membranophone path will be antecedently defined in a MIDI plan and as follows ( figure 12 ) : Figure 12: The channel heightening parametric quantities are as follows: 1. Note beginningOffset refers to the sum every 2nd semi quaver or 16th note is delayed. This hold is typical of â€Å"swing† traits found in many genres of music. This beginning will change non merely from genre to genre or from musician to musician but is besides dynamic within a existent clip public presentation or composing as no instrumentalist can stay wholly in clip. The sum of beginning applied will be defined as a per centum. a float figure from 0 to 1. Figure 13: 2. Note speedSpeed refers to the force at which a note is played. This should non be confused with volume. although speed will frequently correlate straight with the volume of a sound it besides effects the onslaught and timber of a sound. This division between volume and speed should be made clear as in modern electronic instruments the volume can be altered independently without impacting the timber. Velocity will once more be defined as a per centum of the full available speed as a float figure from 0 to 1. 3. Note lengthEach note is assigned a topographic point within the saloon of music played. For illustration hi-hats are played every semi quaver or 16th note. Note length refers to the per centum of this assigned country that the note is really played. This per centum will be defined as a float figure between 0 and 1. Figure 14: The beginning will be defined for a whole saloon while note speed and note length will be defined for each sixteenth note within a individual hook separately. This pick has been made due to the insistent nature of rhythmic composings in for illustration wind. electronic or popular membranophone composings. Thus the MIDI channel heightening parametric quantities required from CGP can be summarised as follows: †¢1 parametric quantity which specifies the beginning†¢4 parametric quantities which specify speed of each hello chapeau in a hook round†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies trap membranophone speed†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies kick membranophone speed†¢4 parametric quantities which specify note length of each hello chapeau in a hook round†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies trap drum note length†¢1 parametric quantity which specifies kick drum note length All of which can be summarised into 13 floating-point Numberss between 0 and 1. The Numberss provided by CGP must non merely be within an appropriate scope in order to interface successfully with our MIDI membranophone machine but must besides mutate suitably. This means that the parametric quantities that define the quality and velocity of development of the CGP plan must be optimised for this peculiar job. There is no available information on this peculiar job neither is there a expression that may be used to reason this. so an experimental attack will be taken. To guarantee compatibility both MIDI and CGP plans will be written in C scheduling linguistic communication. This will let both constituents to be contained in close propinquity while retaining a convenient application medium. 3. 3 General Approach and PlanTo guarantee a successful experiment and completion before the deadline thorough planning is necessary [ 20 ] . To get down with. the undertaking at manus must be broken down and defined to let review and executing of the undertaking attack. This will do foreseen jobs seeable understating jobs and holds during the experimentation procedure while leting satisfactory clip for research and all background reading required. The undertaking can be broken down into the undermentioned undertakings: †¢Gain acquaintance with C programming linguistic communication†¢Gain acquaintance with CGP†¢Gain acquaintance with PortMIDI†¢Develop CGP for required parametric quantities†¢Develop simple membranophone machine reliant on proposed parametric quantities†¢Interface Drum Machine with CGP†¢Optimise CGPs functionality†¢Test plan on users†¢Report consequences The administration of these undertakings is every bit of import to guarantee completion before the deadline. The undermentioned GANT chart is proposed ( figure 15 ) : Figure 15: As can be drawn from the GANT chart ( figure 15 ) much has been achieved already. Individual constituents have been constructed and the coaction of both MIDI membranophone machine and CGP has already begun. Once this has been achieved it will be necessary to optimise the functionality of CGP before proving the merchandise on users before finishing the concluding write up. Mentions [ 1 ] Miller J. F. . Thomson P. Cartesian Genetic Programming. Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Genetic Programming. Springer LNCS 1802 ( 2000 ) 121-132. [ 2 ] Koza. John R. â€Å"Genetic scheduling as a agency for programming computing machines by natural choice. † Statistics and Calculating 4 ( 2 ) ( 1994 ) : 87-112. [ 3 ] Larranaga. Pedro. et Al. â€Å"Genetic algorithms for the going salesman job: A reappraisal of representations and operators. † Artificial Intelligence Review 13 ( 2 ) ( 1999 ) : 129-170. [ 4 ] David. B. Fogel. â€Å"Applying evolutionary scheduling to selected going salesman jobs. † Cybernetics and systems 24 ( 1 ) ( 1993 ) : 27-36. [ 5 ] Ashmore. Laurence. and J. Miller. â€Å"Evolutionary Art with Cartesian Genetic Programming. † Technical Online Report ( 2004 ) . [ 6 ] Wikipedia ( 2013 ) MIDI. [ on-line ] Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MIDI [ Accessed: 7 Feb 2013 ] . [ 7 ] Harding. Simon L. . Julian F. Miller. and Wolfgang Banzhaf. â€Å"Self-modifying Cartesian familial scheduling. † Cartesian Genetic Programming ( 2011 ) : 101-124. [ 8 ] Costelloe. Dan. and Conor Ryan. â€Å"Genetic scheduling for subjective fittingness map designation. † Familial Programming ( 2004 ) : 259-268. [ 9 ] Senaratna. Nuwan I. â€Å"AUTOMATIC MUSIC COMPOSITION USING A TREE OF INTERACTING EMERGENT SYSTEMS. † ( 2006 ) . [ 10 ] Tokui. Nao. and Hitoshi Iba. â€Å"Music composing with synergistic evolutionary calculation. † Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on productive art. Vol. 17. No. 2. 2000. [ 11 ] Geneffects. MuSing. Beat Maker Drum Software. Beat Machine Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. geneffects. com/musing/ [ 12 ] Martin Dostal. The Familial Drummer. rhythmic accompaniment Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //dostal. inf. upol. cz/evm. hypertext markup language [ 13 ] Georgia Tech. Haile. Robotic DrummerSite: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gtcmt. gatech. edu/research-projects/haile [ 14 ] Johanson. Brad. and Riccardo Poli. â€Å"GP-music: An synergistic familial scheduling system for music coevals with machine-controlled fittingness raters. †Genetic Programing 1998: Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference. 1998. [ 15 ] John A. Maurer. A history of Algorithmic Composition ( 1999 ) Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //ccrma. Stanford. edu/~blackrse/algorithm. hypertext markup language [ 16 ] Friberg. Anders. and Andreas Sundstrom. â€Å"Swing ratios and ensemble timing in wind public presentation: Evidence for a common rhythmic form. † Music Perception19. 3 ( 2002 ) : 333-349. [ 17 ] Wikipedia ( 2013 ) . Groove ( music ) [ on-line ] Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Groove_ ( music ) [ Accessed: 1 Feb 2013 ] . [ 18 ] Madison. Guy. â€Å"Different sorts of channel in wind and dance music as indicated by listeners’ evaluations. † Proceedings of the VII International Symposium on Systematic and Comparative Musicology and III International Conference on Cognitive Musicology. University of Jyvaskyla . 2001. [ 19 ] Miller J. F. . Tempesti G. â€Å"Bio-inspired computer science and Introduction to Bio-inspired Computing† Site: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. elec. York. Ac. uk/internal_web/meng/yr4/modules/Bio_Inspired_Comp/bic. hypertext markup language [ Accessed: 10 Jan 2013 ] [ 20 ] A. Hunt. â€Å"Your Research Undertaking: How to Pull off It† . New York: Routledge. 2005. Bibliography Miller J. F. . Thomson P. â€Å"Cartesian Genetic Programming† . Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Genetic Programming. Springer LNCS 1802 ( 2000 ) 121-132. Mitchell Melanie. â€Å"An Introduction To Genetic Algorithms† . 1st erectile dysfunction. MIT imperativeness ( 1998 ) . Butler. Mark Jonathan. â€Å"Unlocking the channel: beat. metre. and musical design in electronic dance music† . Indiana University Press. ( 2006 ) . A. Hunt. â€Å"Your Research Undertaking: How to Pull off It† . New York: Routledge. 2005.

Sodium Levels Increases

Question: Discuss about the Sodium Levels Increases. Answer: Introduction: Digoxin specifically acts by inhibiting sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+ ATPase) in the myocardium. As a result, intracellular sodium levels increases which produces sodium and calcium reverse exchange through sodium-calcium exchanger. In healthy situation, 3 sodium ion exchanges for 1 calcium ion. Due to this reversal, more calcium ions get imported for actiin and myosin proteins. This increase in the intracellular calcium increases heart rate. As a result there is increase in the duration of the phase 4 and phase 0 of the cardiac action potential. Digoxin is specifically used for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter and infrequently used for the treatment of heart failure. There is insufficient diastolic filling time due to increased ventricular rate. Digoxin is helpful in reducing this ventricular rate by reducing conduction rate in AV node and results in the increase in the refractory period. It results in the augumentation in the filling and augumentation in t he pumping activity of the heart. Digoxin also act by indirectly acting on the autonomic nervous system. It produces autonomic actions by producing vagomimetic action and baroreceptor sensitization. Vagomimetic action increases effect of digoxin on SA and AV node. Baroreceptor sensitization produces augumented afferent inhibitory activity and decreased sympathetic nervous system and rennin-angiotensin system activity (Ziff and Kotecha, 2016).. Frusemide is mainly used to treat edematous condition due to cardiac failure, liver scarring and renal disease. Mechanism of action of frusemide is similar to other loop diuretics like bumetanide, ethacrynic acid and torsemide. It produces its action by inhibiting Na+-K+-2Cl symporter (cotransporter) (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of loop of Henle. As a result, there is inhibition of reabsorption of sodium, chloride and potassium. This inhibition of reabsorption can be achieved by competing with Cl binding site. Potassium recycling through renal outer medullary potassium channel results in the positive lumen voltage gradient which leads to the reabsorption of the magnesium and calcium. By virtue of this, frusemide prevents generation of hypertonic renal medulla. As a result, water has minimal osmotic driving force which lead to the augumented urine production. There is decreased water reabsorption in the blood due to action of frusemide and decreased blood volume. Frusemide also acts by increasing the generation of prostaglandins which produces vasodilatation and augumented blood supply to the kidney. There is the possibility of fluid retention in cases of heart failure, liver cirrhosis and renal failure. Frusemide act by increasing the urine excretion as a result there is removal of fluid form the body (Lilley et al., 2015). For removing peripheral intravenous cannula following steps should be followed. Inform patient about little discomfort. Gloves and apron should be put on and hands should be disinfected. Old dressing should be removed. Area should be disinfected. Cannula should be kept in situ. Gauze should be folded to create absorbent pad. Gauze should be kept on the cannula insertion site. Cannula should be withdrawn and gentle pressure should be applied on the insertion site. This gentle pressure should be continued until bleeding stopped. As sterile guaze should be applied on the site. Cannula removal should be documented (Koutoukidis and Stainton, 2016) References: Koutoukidis, G. and Stainton, K. (2016). Essential Enrolled Nursing Skills for Person-Centred Care. Elsevier Health Sciences. Lilley, L. L., Collins, S. R., and Snyder, J. S. (2015). Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. Elsevier Health Sciences. Ziff, O.J., and Kotecha, D. (2016). Digoxin: The good and the bad. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 26(7), 585-95.